Everything about Canada New France totally explained
Canada was the name of the
French colony that once stretched along the
St. Lawrence River; the other colonies of
New France were
Acadia,
Louisiana and
Newfoundland. Canada, the most developed colony of New France, was divided in three districts named
Québec,
Trois-Rivières, and
Montréal. Each section of the colony had its own government. The governor of
Québec was also the governor general of Canada and all of New France.
Because the capital of Canada (
Quebec City) was also the capital of New France, and because of the level of development of Canada compared to the other colonies, the terms "Canada" and "New France" were often used interchangeably. After the
Treaty of Paris of 1763, when
France ceded Canada to
Great Britain, the colony was renamed the
Province of Quebec.
In 1740, a survey of the population of the St. Lawrence River valley counted about 44,000 colonists, the majority born in Canada. Of those, 18,000 lived under the government of
Québec, 4,000 under the government of
Trois-Rivières and 22,000 under the government of
Montréal. The population was mostly rural, cities having populations of 4600 for
Québec, 378 for
Trois-Rivières and 4200 for
Montréal.
Dependent upon Canada were the
Pays d'en Haut (upper countries), a vast territory north and west of Montreal, covering the whole of the
Great Lakes and stretching as far into the
North American continent as the French had explored. North of the Great Lakes, a mission,
Sainte-Marie among the Hurons, was established in 1639. Following the destruction of the Huron homeland in 1649, the French destroyed the mission themselves and left the area. In what are today
Ontario and the western prairies, various trading posts and forts were built such as
Fort Kaministiquia (1679),
Fort Frontenac (1673),
Fort St. Pierre (1731),
Fort St. Charles (1732) and
Fort Rouillé (1750).
The only French settlements in the
Pays d'en Haut were located south of the Great Lakes, around the
Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit (1701),
Fort Michilimackinac (1715),
Fort de Chartres (1720) and
Fort Ticonderoga (1755). That part of the
Pays d'en Haut, named the
Pays des Illinois (
Illinois countries), was eventually annexed to
Louisiana around 1717.
Today, the
Les Pays-d'en-Haut is a
regional county municipality in the
Laurentides region of Quebec.
In ways such as law, customs and the cultural aspects of the population, the modern successor of Canada is the province of
Quebec, which can create confusion with the current
Canadian federation of the same name, or the historical
Province of Canada. Also, distinction from
English Canada has been historically important for Quebecers, notably since the advent of contemporary
Quebec nationalism in the
Quiet Revolution of the
1960s. For these reason, nowadays, Quebecers often use the term "New France" when referring to Canada, New France.
Further Information
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